Etnies Windrow: A Deep Dive into Skateboarding Culture
Intro
Skateboarding is often more than a sport; itās a lifestyle, a form of expression that resonates deeply within various communities. Among the tools that enable this self-exploration, skate shoes play a pivotal role, being both functional and symbolic. Etnies Windrow holds a unique position in this niche, embodying the nuanced relationship between design, performance, and culture.
In this article, we aim to dissect the Etnies Windrow, examining how these shoes contribute not only to the mechanics of skating but also to the identity and camaraderie of skaters around the world. From intricate design features to performance evaluations, we'll explore how the Windrow fits into the larger framework of skate culture. The discussion will also touch on personal experiences from users and how branding influences perceptions, positioning Etnies Windrow as more than just footwearārather, a marker of belonging within the skating community.
Skateboarding, with its array of techniques and community, informs and is influenced by the tools we use. Letās uncover what makes Etnies Windrow a significant player in shaping not just skateboarding footwear, but also the culture itself.
Skateboarding Techniques
Understanding the techniques fundamental to skateboarding is essential for any rider. Whether you're a novice just starting out or a seasoned pro, mastering various tricks is critical for expressing your unique style.
Essential Tricks for Beginners
Starting with the basics, there are several tricks that every newcomer should focus on:
- Ollie: The foundational trick from which many others are built, allowing skaters to jump with their boards.
- Kickflip: A step up that adds flair and difficulty to jumps, where the skateboard flips beneath the rider's feet.
- Heelflip: Similar to a kickflip but the board is flipped in the opposite direction using the heel.
These tricks establish a strong groundwork and help build confidence on a board. Grasping these basic maneuvers can not only elevate skills but also deepen one's connection to the craft and community.
Advanced Maneuvers for Experienced Skaters
Once a skater has achieved a solid understanding of the basics, they can tackle more intricate tricks. Some popular advanced maneuvers include:
- 360 Flip: A combination of a kickflip and a body rotation, allowing for a stunning aerial display.
- Smith Grind: A trick performed on rails or ledges for those looking to transition from ground to aerial challenges.
- Noseblunt Slide: A trick that requires precise balance and control, perfect for experienced skaters looking to show off their skills.
Mastering these will elevate a skaterās performance as well as their standing in the skate community. The Etnies Windrow, designed for durability and grip, plays a vital role in achieving these sophisticated maneuvers, enhancing the overall skating experience.
āGood shoes can make all the difference between flying high and landing hard.ā
As we dive deeper into the performance aspect of Etnies Windrow, it becomes clear that understanding these techniques enhances user experience and influences the choices skaters make in their gear.
Understanding Etnies and Its Place in Skateboarding
Etnies occupies a distinctive niche in the world of skateboarding, acting as a cornerstone brand that resonates deeply with both seasoned boarders and the newcomers just treading the concrete. To grasp the magnitude of Etnies' influence, it is essential to explore its origins and the trajectory it has taken within skate culture. Being more than just a manufacturer of footwear, Etnies embodies a lifestyle, an ethos, and a community that ties skateboarders together across the globe.
The Origins of Etnies
Etnies was founded in 1986 by Pierre AndrƩ Senizergues, a French skateboarder who envisioned a brand that would create shoes designed specifically for skateboarding. He aimed not only to provide footwear but also to foster a culture of creativity and passion among skate enthusiasts. The initial designs reflected the necessity for durability and performance, two attributes that have become hallmarks of the brand.
In the beginning, Etnies introduced the first-ever pro skateboard shoe, the Etnies "Ninja". This shoe set a precedent for the integration of skateboarding needs into shoe design. Unlike other athletic shoes at that time that merely adapted to the sport, the Ninja stood out by enhancing the board feel and grip. This innovation laid the groundwork for the development of a brand that would grow in both influence and reputation.
Etnies' Evolution in the Skate Scene
Over the years, Etnies has evolved alongside skateboarding, reflecting shifts in styles and trends within the community. In the 1990s, as skateboarding began gaining mainstream attention, Etnies capitalized on this momentum. They expanded their product lines, introducing various models aimed at different types of skateboarders.
From the classic style of the Etnies "Fader" to more modern iterations, the brand keeps its finger on the pulse of what skaters seek in their footwear. Etnies has not only focused on aesthetic appeal but has also emphasized performance and sustainability in recent years. For instance, they have used recycled materials in some of their new lines, showcasing a commitment to environmental responsibility that resonates with the younger generation of skaters who are keen on eco-friendly practices.
Etnies has also been a prominent force in sponsoring events and professional riders. Over the decades, riders like Paul Rodriguez and Ryan Sheckler became synonymous with the brand, helping to solidify its status in skateboarding culture. By supporting events and riders, Etnies has cultivated a sense of belonging within the skate community.
The importance of Etnies in skateboarding can't be understated. As skateboarders lace up their shoes, and as they launch themselves off ramps and glide across urban landscapes, they do so wearing footwear that stands for innovation, history, and community. Etnies encapsulates not just the thrill of the sport, but also the spirit of expression and identity that defines skateboarding.
A Closer Look at the Windrow Model
The Windrow model of Etnies is a noteworthy element in exploring skateboarding culture. This section highlights not just the aesthetics but also the practicality that a successful skate shoe must fuse. Every skateboarder, whether a casual rider or a seasoned pro, understands the kind of beatings skate shoes go through; thus, the Windrow makes a mark by bringing functionality to the forefront.
What separates the Windrow from a fleet of other skate shoes? Above anything else, itās the unique integration of style and comfort. When you lace up these shoes, youāre not just slipping into a footwear option but stepping into a piece of skate history that speaks volumes about identity in the skateboarding realm. Through its distinctive design choices and adept engineering, the Windrow becomes a canvas for expression while catering to the technical demands of skating.
Design Features of the Windrow
The design features of the Etnies Windrow are particularly compelling. Unlike many shoes that merely follow trends, the Windrow combines heart and soul with a functional edge. The sleek silhouette of the shoe might appeal to those who appreciate minimalist aesthetics yet has enough character to keep things interesting.
- Lacing System: The Windrow employs a unique lacing mechanism that not only aids in a snug fit but also adds a certain flair to the overall design. This customization in fit is crucial, as skateboarders can experience vastly different foot shapes.
- Toe Cap: Reinforced toe caps bolster durability, ensuring they can withstand the wear and tear of tricks and rides.
- Colorway Options: The Windrow showcases a lineup of colorways that resonate with diverse tastes, offering skateboarders plenty of choices to express their individual style.
Each feature is thoughtfully curated, reflecting a balance of style, comfort, and durability. The design doesnāt just look good; it feels good for those who spend countless hours grinding on their boards.
Materials Used in Construction
The materials that go into the construction of the Windrow are pivotal in defining its performance and longevity. Etnies has opted for components that promise resilience and breathability. Some of the starred materials include:
- Synthetic Uppers: These materials help keep the shoe lightweight while providing sufficient protection and support. They also resist scuffing, which is essential for skateboarders constantly scraping their shoes against rough surfaces.
- Cushioning Foam: A quality layer of cushioning foam contributes to comfort during landings and tricks. Without proper cushioning, even the smallest impacts can lead to discomfort and siezed abilities during the ride.
- Rubber Outsole: The rubber used in the outsole provides reliable grip, allowing skaters to execute tricky maneuvers with confidence. This is particularly relevant for maintaining board feel when flicking the tail of the board.
In summary, the interplay of these materials ensures skateboarders have a reliable companion on their journey, whether skating in a park, hitting the streets, or trying out new tricks. Etnies has hit the nail on the head by using materials that echo the demands of skateboarding in both design and functionality.
"In skateboarding, the right shoe can mean the difference between a clean trick and an untimely spill."
As we delve deeper into the impact these design features and materials have on performance, the Windrow proves to not only be a shoe but a statement rooted in skate culture.
Performance Aspects of Etnies Windrow
When it comes to skateboarding, performance is absolutely paramount. A skateboarder relies not only on their skills but also on the gear they choose. The Etnies Windrow, like other skate shoes, embodies a perfect blend of functional attributes that cater to both novice and seasoned skateboarders. In this section, we will dissect the Windrow model's grip, durability, and comfort to illustrate why these aspects are crucial for any skate shoe enthusiast.
Grip and Board Feel
The grip of a skate shoe is one of the first things that skaters notice. With the Windrow, Etnies doesnāt cut corners. The sole is designed with a specifically engineered rubber compound that maximizes traction. Whether youāre flipping tricks or grinding rails, the board feel these shoes provide is vital. A solid grip ensures that your foot remains steady on the board, preventing slips that could lead to painful falls.
Moreover, the tread pattern of the Windrow enhances sensitivity. This means that skateboarders can feel their board more acutely, allowing for precise control during flips or turns.
An ideal grip paired with a responsive board feel raises the confidence of skaters, pushing them toward new heights in their skateboarding journey.
Durability and Longevity
Durability is a key consideration for anyone serious about skating. The Windrow model stands out in this regard with its reinforced stitching and robust materials. Skate shoes often take a beating, and the ability to hold up under pressure makes a significant difference.
The upper of the Windrow is composed of high-quality suede and synthetic materials. This not only provides a stylish appearance but also helps it withstand wear and tear. Many skateboarders laud the Windrow for lasting significantly longer than other shoes theyāve used, allowing for extended practice without the need for frequent replacements.
Durability isnāt just about how long the shoes last; it also influences performance. A shoe that doesnāt fall apart or lose its structural integrity over time can boost confidence, affording skaters the freedom to focus on honing their skills rather than worrying about their footwear.
Comfort and Fit
Comfort is perhaps the unsung hero in skate shoe performance. The Windrow excels in providing a cozy fit through its padded collar and tongue. This design not only enhances comfort but also lends support during those long skate sessions. The inner lining feels soft against the foot and absorbs impact better than many other models.
Moreover, itās essential not to underestimate the importance of fit. A snug but not too tight fit can prevent blisters and discomfort, allowing skaters to concentrate fully on their moves rather than the pain in their feet.
Skateboarding can be an intense activity, and being comfortable in your shoes has a direct impact on how long one can skate and how well they can perform. Therefore, the Windrow's reputation for comfort increasingly makes it a go-to choice for beginners and pros alike.
"A skateboarderās foot is their connection to the board; if the shoes donāt feel right, everything else falls apart."
User Experiences and Community Insights
When it comes to skateboarding, the gear one chooses can often feel personalālike an extension of the self. User experiences and community insights surrounding the Etnies Windrow model not only shape the perception of the shoe but also reflect the broader ethos of the skateboarding community. This section will delve into how individual skateboarders view the Windrow, sharing stories that capture the essence of style, performance, and identity on the board.
Testimonials from Skateboarders
Skateboarders have a unique way of expressing their sentiments about the gear they use. Testimonials often reveal more than mere performance aspects; they express a connection that transcends the physical. Many users agree that the Etnies Windrow is not just another shoe, but one that stands as a symbol of their skateboarding journey.
A common narrative among skateboarders is the effectiveness of the shoe's grip. For instance, Chris, a regular at the local skate park, shared, "Iāve skated through rain and shine, and the Windrow holds up! The grip feels like glue on my board." This sentiment echoes through various skateboard forums, where users like "SkateKing22" express similar thoughts about safety and performance when pulling off tricks.
Moreover, comfort is a recurring theme in testimonials. Sarah, a long-time skater, explains, "I used to have sore feet after long sessions, but the Windrow hugs my feet, making me forget Iām even wearing shoes." This level of comfort allows skaters to focus on their techniques rather than on sore spots. Different testimonials highlight how the Windrow allows skaters to push their limits with confidence.
These insights reflect a deeper understanding of how the Windrow has managed to cement itself in the hearts of many skaters, making it a staple amid numerous options in the market.
Impact on Personal Style
Skate shoes often serve as a bold statement within skate culture. The Etnies Windrow, in particular, presents a striking balance between functionality and aesthetic appeal, influencing personal style in ways that go beyond just wearing them on the board.
Many skaters express how the design of the Windrow complements their personal flair. With a variety of colorways and sleek lines, these shoes allow individuals to showcase their personality. For Jesse, a creative skater and artist, the Windrow matches his vibrant style. He mentions, "Every pair of Windrows I've had reflects a bit of who I am. They aren't just shoes; they're part of my story."
In addition, the shoes have been spotted at various skate events, further solidifying their role in trendsetting within the community. As skaters share photos on platforms such as Instagram and Reddit, the Windrow becomes a part of the conversation, influencing what the next generation considers stylish. As one user commented on a thread about skate fashion, "You canāt imgine a skate session without seeing someone rock the Windrow. Itās become a classic choice."
Thus, the Etnies Windrow model plays a significant role in shaping not just the comfort and performance for riders but also their individual expression within a collective culture. These insights underscore the notion that skateboarding gear isn't merely functional; it's a canvas for personal narrative within the skateboarding lifestyle.
Comparative Analysis with Other Skate Shoes
When we consider the Etnies Windrow in the broad spectrum of skateboarding footwear, a comparative analysis with other skate shoes becomes essential. This aspect is crucial not only for understanding the distinct qualities that set the Windrow apart but also for grasping the various preferences and styles that different skateboarders tend to embody. Skate shoes serve a dual purpose: they are not merely functional for skateboarding but also reflect personal style and culture.
Etnies Windrow vs. Popular Competitors
To begin with, let's stack the Etnies Windrow against some prominent competitors in the skate shoe market, such as Vans Old Skool and Nike SB Zoom Dunk. Each of these brands presents a unique personality and offerings, which can skew a skater's choice based on what they value in a shoe.
- Vans Old Skool: Known for its classic styling and canister of colorways, Vans Old Skool appeals majorly to skaters who value a timeless aesthetic. However, while they offer decent grip, the cushioning is often critiqued for falling short on the support front, particularly for more intense skating sessions.
- Nike SB Zoom Dunk: This model incorporates advanced technology, offering cushioning and support that many skaters appreciate. However, it comes at a higher price point. Some skateboarders prefer the traditional feel of Etnies Windrow, which tends to prioritize simplicity and value over tech-led enhancements.
The Windrow, with its emphasis on durability and comfort, often finds itself in the sweet spot between affordability and performance. It targets skateboarders who graze on technical tricks yet prefer a shoe that wonāt empty their wallets.
Evaluating Design and Performance Differences
Examining design and performance differences among these models brings a sharper focus on what skateboarders might prioritize.
- Design Attributes
- Performance Factors
- Etnies Windrow: This model blends urban aesthetics with functionality. It boasts a minimalist design that appeals to the modern skater while ensuring reinforced stitching for durability. The choice of materials encourages breathability, a significant aspect during long skate sessions.
- Vans Old Skool: The hallmark leather and canvas combination gives it a vintage feel but lacks the reinforced features some skaters might desire.
- Nike SB Zoom Dunk: The construction here focuses on technical advancements, which may not be appealing for skaters who are fond of the more street-smart looks of Etnies.
- Grip: The Windrow is engineered with an outsole that provides grip without being overwhelming. Each tread pattern is thought out, ensuring responsiveness on the board. In contrast, the Vans' flat sole often receives criticism for getting slippery with use.
- Cushioning and Board Feel: While the Nike SB Zoom offers specialized cushioning through technology like Zoom Air, many skaters feel it disconnects them from the board. The Etnies Windrow offers a balance that embraces board feel without sacrificing comfort.
"The right skate shoes can mean the difference between landing that trick or faceplanting on the asphalt."
This comparative analysis is about more than just shoes; it helps skaters navigate the vast market based on their individual preferences. Ultimately, every skateboarder has a different style and approach to the sport. What works for one might not resonate with another, which makes this exploration of differences and similarities so vital in understanding the position of Etnies Windrow in skateboarding culture.
Branding and Marketing Influence
Branding and marketing play a crucial role in skateboarding culture, particularly when it comes to footwear. In the world of skateboarding, where style and function intertwine, the brand image influences not just sales, but also how products resonate with skateboard users. Etnies, as a recognized name in this space, leverages its reputation to create a sense of belonging among skaters. The brand's roots reflect its commitment to the sport and shapeshift into an image that appeals to a broad audience; from casual riders to professional athletes.
Through effective branding strategies, Etnies ensures that the Windrow model is seen not just as a shoe but as an emblem of a lifestyle. The market influence extends beyond having a recognizable logo; it's about constructing a narrative around the skater's journey. This is vital because the skateboard's association with culture and identity heightens the emotional connection skaters have with a brand.
Etnies' Brand Image in Skate Culture
The Etnies brand has evolved since its inception, successfully carving out a distinctive identity within the skate world. Etnies embodies authenticity, which resonates deeply with skateboarders who often value originality and self-expression. The company's logo isn't just shorthand for the brand; it symbolizes a commitment to quality and community support, aspects prominent in skateboard culture.
Moreover, collaborations and limited-edition releases can elevate Etnies' image, creating buzz among enthusiasts eager for exclusivity. The marketing campaigns often emphasize the brandās roots in skateboarding history, reflecting a genuine connection with the sport. Thatās why the Windrow is marketed not just as footwear, but as a vital part of a skateboarder's gear arsenal. Skate culture thrives on storytelling, and Etnies tells this story well through its brand image.
The Role of Sponsorship and Team Riders
Sponsorship can act as a powerful engine for brands like Etnies, allowing them to push forward their visibility in the skate scene. The company's choice of team ridersāthose who bear the shoes both on and off the boardācan bolster credibility. When renowned skaters endorse the Windrow, it builds an association that elevates both the product and the brand itself.
Etnies employs riders who not only skate exceptionally well but also resonate with a lifestyle that many skateboarders aspire to embody. It creates a ripple effect in the community where fans begin to emulate their favourite skaters, seeking authenticity and street credibility. This influence can extend to social media platforms, where riders share their experiences, further embedding the Etnies brand into the fabric of skate culture.
The Cultural Significance of Skate Shoes
Skate shoes are much more than just footwear; theyāre a crucial element of skateboarding culture. These shoes are imbued with meanings that often surpass their primary function. For skateboarders, the right pair of shoes can affect performance, comfort, and identity on the board. The Etnies Windrow model offers a unique perspective into how skate shoes serve as a canvas for creativity, expression, and community. In this section, weāll explore why skate shoes hold cultural significance, highlighting their role as a form of expression and how current trends influence their evolution.
Shoes as a Form of Expression
Skate shoes can express individuality just as much as clothing styles or skateboard designs. For many skateboarders, the choice of shoes reflects their personality and sense of aesthetic. A bright pair of Etnies Windrows can signal confidence, while a more subdued option may indicate a laid-back or classic style.
"Skate shoes are like a badge; they tell your story before you even roll up on your board."
Different colors, designs, and limited edition releases contribute to this phenomenon. Brands often collaborate with artists or skateboard legends to create unique editions that resonate deeply with fans. An Etnies Windrow in an exclusive design not only becomes a sought-after item; it signifies belonging to a larger community, sharing an unspoken language of style and approach to skateboarding.
Additionally, for those in the skate community, shoes can hold nostalgic value. A skateboarder may fondly recall their first Etnies Windrow pair, connecting those memories to their learning experiences and new friendships in skate parks. This kind of emotional resonance reinforces the idea that shoes are more than mere gearāthey encapsulate memories and identity.
Cultural Trends Impacting Skate Footwear
The landscape of skate footwear constantly adapts to cultural shifts, with Etnies Windrow being a prime example of this dynamic relationship. Streetwear and high fashion have begun influencing skate culture, pushing brands to rethink their designs and marketing strategies.
The current trend towards sustainability is particularly notable. Skate brands are increasingly aware of environmental concerns and, in response, are innovating with eco-friendly materials. Etnies has begun implementing practices that prioritize sustainability, making strides towards offering shoes that reduce their carbon footprint. This trend is significant as skateboarders often pride themselves on their awareness of social issues and community impact.
Moreover, the influence of social media and influencer culture is undeniable. Platforms like Instagram and TikTok allow skateboarders to showcase their style and skills, elevating certain shoe models to coveted status overnight. In this sense, a pair of Etnies Windrow may gain popularity not just for its performance but also for how it's presented within the skate community online. The result is a feedback loop where trends in skate shoes are both influenced by and influence the broader cultural contexts in which they exist.
In summary, the Etnies Windrow and similar models transcend their practical use, intertwining with the identity and lifestyles of skateboarders. Through fashion trends, community reflections, and personal stories, they illustrate the depth and richness of skateboarding culture. Understanding this cultural significance allows enthusiasts and casual observers alike to appreciate not just the shoes themselves but also the rich narratives they represent.
Future Directions for Etnies Windrow
The future paths for the Etnies Windrow skate shoe model are crucial for its place within skateboarding culture. As the industry evolves, the expectations of skateboarders also shift. Itās essential that brands like Etnies respond to these changes with innovation and sustainability in mind. This section explores what the future may hold, focusing on advances in design and a commitment to eco-friendly practices. Understanding these directions not only reflects on Etnies' adaptability but also on the brand's understanding of its community's values.
Innovations on the Horizon
As trends come and go, technology continues to play a pivotal role in shoe design. For the Etnies Windrow, innovation could mean several things:
- Smart Materials: Imagine shoes crafted from nanoparticles that selectively transform for optimum grip depending on the surface youāre skating on. This would be groundbreaking, pushing performance boundaries further than ever.
- Improved Cushioning Systems: Riders are always on the lookout for better shock absorption. Future models might integrate advanced foams or gel technologies to enhance comfort, particularly on hard landings.
- 3D Printing: With the rise of custom-fit options in various consumer products, Etnies could consider offering tailored shoes. This would allow skateboarders to personalize fit and style, catering to individual preferencesābringing the mantra "fit to skate" to life.
The potential for collaboration with tech startups could open up avenues that none thought possible, integrating app-controlled features to adjust support settings via smartphones. This could enhance the interaction between the skateboarder and their gear, making the Windrow a versatile peak in footwear technology.
Sustainability Initiatives in Skate Shoes
Increasing awareness of environmental issues has led brands to reconsider their practices. The skateboarding community increasingly favors companies that demonstrate a commitment to sustainability. Etnies stands at a crossroads, with substantial opportunities ahead:
- Eco-Friendly Materials: Future models of the Windrow could use recycled materials, like rubber from car tires and plastics gathered from oceans. This aligns not only with global needs but also taps into the values held by many current skateboarders.
- Reduced Waste Production: Implementing a no-waste production system would lessen the overall carbon footprint of manufacturing processes. Etnies might explore designs that make use of offcuts and excess materials.
- Community Programs: Etnies could launch initiatives to give back to the very communities they serve. Programs focused on skatepark building or spreading environmental awareness among youth could go a long way.
"The skateboarding culture thrives on revolution. Embracing sustainability could be seen not only as a trend but as a core value going forward."
Finale: The Lasting Impact of Etnies Windrow in Skateboarding
The story of Etnies Windrow isnāt just about a shoe; it's about a pivotal moment in skateboarding culture that reflects individuality, performance, and community. As skateboarding evolves, the footwear that supports it plays a crucial role in shaping how skateboarders express themselves.
The Etnies Windrow stands out as a bridge between functionality and style. Designed with the skateboarding community's needs in mind, it not only provides superior grip but also embodies a particular aesthetic that resonates with enthusiasts. The impact of the Windrow model has been profound, influencing not only the performance aspects of skateboarding but also setting the tone for how skate shoes can merge technical innovation with fashion. These shoes have become a canvas for expression, where skateboarders can showcase their unique personalities through their choices in footwear.
In sum, Etnies Windrow is a quintessential element in skate culture. It acts as a testament to the ongoing fusion of art and athleticism. This shoe doesn't merely facilitate tricks; it cultivates an identity within the skating community, making it a longstanding player in the scene. The rhythm of skateboarding is embedded in the very fabric of shoes like the Windrow, illustrating how deeply intertwined gear and culture are in this sport.
"The right pair of skate shoes can feel like an extension of yourself; they can influence the way you ride and how others perceive you within the community."
Recap of Insights
Looking back at the insights shared throughout this exploration, it's clear that the Etnies Windrow has carved its niche firmly in both performance and design. The blend of comfort, durability, and style makes it a favorite among skateboarders. Frequently praised in testimonials, users highlight how these shoes enhance their board feel, allowing for better control over their movements.
Moreover, the Windrow's influence extends beyond casual skate sessions. It thrives in competitive environments, where performance matters most. Many professional skaters have adopted them, further legitimizing the model within the highest echelons of skateboarding. Thus, Etnies has not just created a shoe but a product that resonates deeply with the users of it.
The Evolving Nature of Skateboarding Footwear
The landscape of skateboarding footwear has shifted dramatically over the years. Vintage models often focused solely on utility, but now, as skate culture has matured, thereās a greater emphasis on style and personalization. Etnies Windrow is a prime example of this evolving narrative.
Today's skateboarders look for shoes that perform well but also reflect their personal styles. This has resulted in manufacturers needing to innovate constantly, keeping comfort, sustainability, and aesthetics in equal measure. Features like eco-friendly materials and customizable designs are becoming more commonplace, with brands answering the call for responsible production while maintaining performance.
